Booth F E M and Wickens G E (1988) Non-timber uses of selected arid zone trees and shrubs in Africa. FAO Conservation Guide, No. 19, vii + 176 pp.

Notes are given on names, distribution, description, main uses, other uses, economic importance, climate, site, life cycle, pests and diseases, seed supply, agronomy, yield, sociological factors, production potential, processing, development constraints, recommendations, related species, and references, for 27 species (Acacia senegal, A. seyal, Adansonia digitata, Balanites aegyptiaca, Boscia senegalensis, Butyrospermum paradoxum, Conocarpus lancifolius, Cordeauxia edulis, Faidherbia [Acacia] albida, Flacourtia indica, Grewia bicolor, Leptadenia pyrotechnica, Maerua angolensis, Maytenus senegalensis, Mimusops angel, Moringa oleifera, Parkia biglobosa, Prosopis africana, Pterocarpus erinaceus, Ricinodendron rautanenii, Salvadora persica, Securidaca longipedunculata, Sterculia africana, Tamarix aphylla, T. nilotica, Ximenia americana, and Ziziphus mauritania). Use categories include: agroforestry, browse/fodder, soil conservation, basketry/matting, food, fuel, gum/latex, bee food, oil, fibre, hedges, alcohol, medicinal, N-fixation, ornamentals, toxins/poisons, water purification, shade/shelter, and tannins.

Fleuret A (1980) Nonfood uses of plants in Usambara. Economic Botany, 34(4): 320-333.

Plants used by the Shambaa people were studied in the Lushoto District, NE Tanzania from Dec. 1975 to Feb. 1977, and their uses classified and discussed. Important woody plants included: Ficus sp., regarded as having sacred properties, and used for water divining and as a source of twine for reinforcing baskets etc.; Ocotea usambarensis, used for water divining, in house construction, and for household implements; Cyathea usambarensis, a tree fern, used for wall poles in building houses; Chlorophora excelsa, used for door and window frames, household implements and furniture; Dombeya spp. (especially D. leucoderma) used for bows, beehives and stools; Agave sisalana, Ceiba pentandra and Phoenix reclinata, used for fibres; Salvadora persica - twigs used for cleaning teeth; and Adansonia digitata used to promote fermentation. All available trees (except Ficus) were used for fuel.

Wickens G E and Houerou H N le (1980) The uses of the baobab (Adansonia digitata L.) in Africa. Browse in Africa: 151-154, International Livestock Centre for Africa; Addis Ababa; Ethiopia.

Among many other uses, the baobab produces leaves which are browsed by stock, being an especially valuable fodder for horses.